作者：卓卓戏 来源：原创 发布日期：08-24
一 | 人造卫星通常在通信、导航、遥感、科学探测等领域发挥作用，如今，中国科学家正尝试让卫星多一颗“大脑”——把算力也送上太空。
二 | While Germany's producer prices observe the biggest rise since records began in 1949, the index has also shown the biggest month-on-month increase, leaping 5.3% from June to July.,"The outlook for the further development [of the economy] is currently noticeably gloomy," and marked by "a high degree of uncertainty," Germany's Finance Ministry said in its August monthly report, quoted by Reuters.,"We have something like a tsunami coming," said Florian Josef Hoffmann, former president of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce East Thuringia and author of "Occupy Economics." "It’s calm water, everything goes slowly down. For example, furniture retail has completely stopped and other things are going down, too. Everything goes slower step by step. But the disaster comes, as I told you, in autumn. And that will be very bad. I can't imagine that this economy can easily survive this really critical situation.",Germans have been experiencing some pre-existing domestic problems as the government turned down nuclear and coal plants in order to switch over to gas and renewables, he noted. However, anti-Russian sanctions which included a sweeping energy embargo "create a real huge problem for the economy because it is based on the cheap Russian gas and now it's cut down by the own will of the government," according to Hoffmann.,"They cut down the gas import [from Russia]," he explained. "So the whole strategy of the past is ruined, and that's the problem. And that makes for great uncertainty because more or less the ship runs against the ice mountain. It's more than uncertainty; I see even the crash coming along for the German economy, not only because of these sanctions, but because of the consequences of the sanctions.",Energy Crisis in EuropeEU Will Not Replace Russian Gas in Full If Nord Stream 1 Remains Shut, Expert Says19 July, 18:20 GMT,The Russo-German chill started with Berlin suspending the Nord Stream 2 project on February 22, 2022. Moscow launched a special military operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine two days later, after the US, NATO and the EU defied Russia's draft security agreements envisaging ending the transatlantic military alliance's expansion and deployment in Ukraine.,In the aftermath of the operation, the US and its NATO allies have introduced several packages of sanctions. The EU pledged to end its dependence on Russian fossil fuels before 2030, following in Washington and London's footsteps. In April, Brussels laid out targets to slash its demand for Russian natural gas by two-thirds by the end of 2022.,Western sanctions also complicated Gazprom's maintenance of the existing Nord Stream 1 infrastructure. The Russian company was forced to reduce shipments via the network in mid-June over delays in the repair of a Siemens-built high-pressure gas pumping turbine in Canada. Ottawa deliberately delayed the return of the turbine, which had undergone maintenance work, back to Europe, citing anti-Russian sanctions. To make matters worse, the Canadian side did not provide proper documentation for the turbine which resulted in further delays. In late July, Gazprom said that it had to stop the operation of another Siemens gas turbine engine for maintenance, which prompted western press to groundlessly claim that Russia was deliberately cutting gas supplies to Europe.,Berlin's energy policy is dictated from Washington for the detriment of the people of Germany, according to Dr. Christian Blex, an AfD lawmaker from the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia.,"The sanctions that the hypermoral German government in particular is repeatedly demanding are therefore particularly bad for our country," he said. "Any responsible government would base its actions on the well-being of its own people rather than acting as a vassal of the US.",Energy Crisis in EuropeGermany Should Immediately Launch Nord Stream 2, Bundestag Vice Speaker Says08:42 GMT,Biggest Problems Coming in Autumn, Winter,As of yet, the negative impact of sanctions is not particularly felt by ordinary Germans, according to the observers.,"At the moment we don't feel anything. Big bills are only announced and haven't yet reached the consumers," said Hoffmann. "But the announcements are that the energy prices will go up three to five fold, for many people [this will be] simply unpayable. That’s what is going to come in autumn. Ordinary people prepare by buying canned food or wood or gas stoves. What I also know is, for instance, that not only the ordinary people, but also the cities are preparing. The city of Dusseldorf is cutting down the heating of all gangways in their administration facilities. They are cutting the temperature down from 21 degrees centigrade to 19 or even 17, closing saunas and heating outside swimming pools. They are cutting down lights on public buildings.",While the people are not yet in panic, the German authorities are, according to Hoffmann.,"The government is talking about reducing the turnover tax for gas from 19% to 7% and they are trying to reduce the tax load for pensioners and other instruments to calm down the people," he noted. "But it's ridiculous what they plan when you look at the task of breaking a huge breakdown of the economy. It's only peanuts.",Meanwhile, businesses are expecting climbing power prices, and they are already thinking about how to compensate for that, according to him.,"The German economy looks to the future with serious concerns," echoed Blex. "In contrast to many citizens, business knows exactly what the energy crisis will bring. In public, however, criticism is heard only hesitantly. Fear of green politics and the media is still very great. As the suffering increases, the criticism will become louder… The biggest problems are coming up for the ordinary people with the inflation of food prices and extremely with the power costs. It will hit the poor, the low income class, those who will have to pay not 40, 50 or 60 euros per month for their power, but 200, 400 or even 500. That will make them not only hungry but upset.",WorldGerman Craftsmen Urge Chancellor Scholz to Scrap Sanctions Against Russia13:40 GMT,The AfD lawmaker expects a worsening recession with industrial production falling noticeably in Germany. He forecasts that short-time work will be reintroduced, adding that retailers are already noticing that more and more Germans are making significant savings. After all, the German national debt will continue to rise rapidly, according to him.,For his part, Hoffmann does not rule out that the people will eventually take to the streets en masse, stressing that the German government has already been preparing for this scenario.,"Our Ministry of Defense is preparing a special task force of 1900 soldiers, which have to keep peace within the country," he said. "This is an incredible decision. Our Bundeswehr is an army solely for defense against attacks from the outside. This basic rule is now broken, which means we are now in a totalitarian regime which has no respect for laws and our Constitution. They simply do what they want including censorship. And as one can see, they are preparing for a revolution.",Hoffmann cites German Chancellor Olaf Scholz as saying that the country's forces won't shoot at the people. However, the author expresses skepticism about Scholz' pledge: "It is like 'nobody wants to build a wall' in 1961 and then it was built some weeks later. So, the situation is disastrous," he concluded.。那么，为何一定要把算力“打”上天？ 太空计算星座就像把“电脑”打上天 2025年5月，我国将全球首个太空计算卫星星座“星算”送入太空。该星座首发12颗卫星，每颗卫星均搭载了星载智算系统、星间通信系统，具备太空计算、太空互联能力。 那么，什么是“计算卫星”？对此，中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院研究员郑文在中国科学院《科学公开课》中介绍，这就像是把人们常用的笔记本电脑“打”到天上去了，使得原来要在地上处理的数据，可以在天上得到及时处理。 未来，郑文透露，可能通过星簇或星群组网形成统一的算力供给，最终希望在太空直接建造一个超大型算力中心：“我们可能会在太空中间建一个边长4000米×4000米的一个航天器，来提供无限算力。真正在太空中间建立起一个计算的基础设施，给每一个人提供算力服务。” 为何一定要把算力“打”上天？ 把算力中心搬上太空有着一定的现实优势，例如，能源——太阳一直在，太阳能源持续可得。此外，空间中背日面温度比较低，在散热、热管理方面有一定优势。 但是，郑文也指出，这样的优势背后并存的是极端环境的严峻挑战：“这也是至今未能大规模实现太空计算的核心原因。第一个难题是散热，第二个难题是高能粒子辐射。” 太空中没有空气，散热只能靠辐射散热，因此，太空算力中心就需要巨大的辐射散热面积。
三 | 此外，计算机底层依赖电子“0”和“1”的开关状态，而高能粒子一旦穿透芯片，会把电子打翻。郑文解释称：“原本是‘0’的地方可能就变成‘1’了，原来的‘开’就变成了‘关’，这样一来，输出的信息就会变成乱码”。因此，这两大极端条件正是建设太空计算设施的瓶颈。
四 | 把算力送上太空并非最终目标 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院研究员郑文表示，将算力送上天是实现自主智能的关键一步。例如，让中国空间站的机械臂拥有能够计算的“大脑”，从而实现代替航天员执行舱外操作的目标。
五 | 除了自主操作外，科学家们还希望卫星能够更智能地去完成一些任务。
六 | 郑文透露，中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院正在设计一款未来航天器——“哪吒(NEZHA)”。从它的名字中可以大致推断出它的形态，郑文介绍，它有“三头六臂”，能变形，还能在太空中自主飞行：“它多了两个手臂，可以自主执行维修任务，例如，有一些卫星坏了或者没有能源了，就可以把这些小‘哪吒’派出去，进行维修、修复。” 郑文表示，只有把人工智能、算力与卫星深度结合，一同送上太空，未来才能真正建造属于人类的太空基地。 (中央广播电视总台中国之声)。
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Published on:03:55:55